Alternative Title: Lower California

The basic geologic feature is a fault block rising precipitously on the gulf side and dropping

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gently into the Pacific, crowned by a chain of rugged peaks trending in a northwest-southeast direction. The granitic Juárez and San Pedro Mártir mountains, the latter rising to 10,154 feet (3,095 metres) above sea level, form the divide in the north, with lower parallel ranges much interrupted by erosion along both coasts. The centre of the peninsula is dominated by volcanoes and vast lava flows extending westward in a subpeninsula. Volcanoes include Las Tres Vírgenes (6,548 feet [1,996 metres]), last reported active in 1746. In the vicinity of the city of La Paz, the mountains disappear in a low, narrow isthmus, after which they reemerge in a final, lofty (7,100-foot [2,150-metre]) granite range. The most extensive plains are along the Pacific shore in the south, from near La Paz to Ojo de Liebre (Scammon’s) Lagoon. At the head of the Gulf of California is a delta formed by the alluvium of the Colorado River.